Growing up half Nigerian in Tokyo, Japan, Esther Chinwuko, was constantly bullied in class because of her dark skin and curly hair. This made her start to think there was indeed something wrong with the way she looked. When her dad found out about this, he moved his family to Sikeston, Missouri when she was 15 years old. Now, Chinwuko is grateful that her identity was forged in the U.S.

Esther Chinwuko

“Coming to America, seeing people with different backgrounds and different ethnicities, I started to have more confidence in identity,” she said, adding: “I got to meet a lot of African friends in the U.S. You know, identity confidence as a Black woman in the U.S., those kinds of things made me change a lot.”

Chinwuko, who grew up watching a lot of American TV series, also admits that this experience in America was different from her expectations.

“Growing up in Japan, thinking about America, I watched ‘High School Musical’, ‘Sweet Life’ (of Zack and Cody) all that stuff and everything was amazing. I thought that there would be no racism. Actually no, it was worse than where I’m from,” said Chinwuko, recalling the first few years she moved to America. “I thought that being adults, they know basic things, but I met people who don’t know how to respect even younger kids. And so, seeing that through my eyes, I realized that education is very important coming into the U.S.” 

Chinwuko earned a college diploma two years ago and she currently works at Verizon as a network engineer. She  said that thriving as a first-generation immigrant is a feeling of  constantly being under  pressure.

“I had so much pressure, especially from my parents,” she said. “And we all moved here because of the education and what if I mess it up, you know? Still, I do have a pressure of how to take care of my family, so I think being an immigrant, first generation, that pressure will never disappear.”

The number of Black immigrants and their contributions to the country are increasing, according to Pew Research Center: There are more than four million Black immigrants in the U.S. More than a quarter of Black immigrants have college degrees and 74 percent of them are fluent in English, 24 percent higher than all immigrants. 

Despite such performances, Black immigrants have the second-lowest average income in the U.S following Black Americans and are least likely to be homeowners, due to longstanding racial inequality. 

Reacting to such racial inequalities before the Black Lives Matter movement was on the rise, Chinwuko posted a video on her YouTube channel that talks about her identity and calls for social justice.

“When Black Lives Matter happened, I got so many views on my video and a lot of Japanese people commented,” Chinwuko said. “It is true that it’s happening not only in the U.S. but in Asia, so I think I was able to have an opportunity for Japanese people to understand what Black Lives Matter is like and what is being Black and living in an Asian country.”

Nina Oforji, a 25-year-old Nigerian immigrant also  experienced racial disparities when she immigrated from  Nigeria to the U.S.

Nina Oforji

“I thought that America was more fun in a sense, but then when you grow older, reality hits and you realize that there are a lot of things in America that need to be worked on,” said Oforji. “It was just because of the racial issues in America that made people more hostile to Black people and that was like a reality check because in Nigeria we don’t have that.”

Oforji’s family moved to the U.S. hoping to find different opportunities when she was five years old. She said  her mom felt stifled in Nigeria, unable to be independent due to conservative gender norms.

“I can make my own mold because I have the opportunity to make money and also be in control of my own life and not have to fit the standard of what it means to be like a woman,” said Oforji.

 But Oforji had a lot to learn about America  and  she had no help as a first generation immigrant who grew up in America. She had passed what she learned to her siblings.

“ I’m the oldest out of my family, so it was really hard because there was no one there that could tell me how to navigate the world,” she said. “I basically had to learn everything by myself.” 

When she came to America, Oforji noticed a subtle tension between African immigrants and African Americans arising from history and culture that frustrated her.

“I was aware of the feud, and it was about ‘oh you’re African, so you’re not Black,’ or ‘you’re Black, you’re not African,’ it was just a weird identity reflection on myself when I came to the U.S. that not many people got to experience unless you’re African,” she said. “There’s this elephant in the room that nobody wants to speak about sometimes and we just want to leave it alone because we want to keep the peace.”

 Oforji said the movie “Black Panther”  resonates with the tension. “Black Panther “is Marvel Studios’ superhero movie of which the main story is about crowning T’Challa as king of Wakanda after his father’s death that is challenged by Killmonger who grew up in America and aspires to reform policies and revolutionize the country.

“The perfect description of this dynamic is ‘Black Panther’ because they are basically talking about Africans versus African Americans,” said Oforji.

Despite the feud within the Black community, police brutality and social injustice that put the Black community in misery became an impetus for Black people to come together, she said.

“I think it just made it clearer that it doesn’t matter where you’re from, they all see you the same,” Oforji said. “I think the Black Lives Matter Movement reminded all of us to forget the complexity of our differences and realize that we’re the same in the humane aspect.”

 Oforji said  that she hopes to see improvement in how immigrants are viewed and treated.

“One thing I would like to see America do better in is how they treat immigrants,” she said. “The circumstances that someone is born into shouldn’t define the amount of humanity they deserve. Ut’s important to treat everyone with the utmost compassion and care especially those in the margins because at the end of the day anyone can end up on the reverse side of their circumstances.”

The post Young adult Black immigrants forge new lives and battle racial inequalities appeared first on Pavement Pieces.

Ada Oguejiofor, a third-year student at medical school who recently started clinical rotation in Texas, said that she noticed the health care disparities in the hospital that deterred undocumented immigrants from seeking medical care.

“I noticed that sometimes residents would say that their patients hesitate to come into the hospital because they are undocumented,” she said. “They might get caught.”

Nearly 25 percent of immigrants are undocumented, with women accounting for 47 percent and children accounting for 10 percent, according to ACOG. And 71 percent of undocumented immigrants are uninsured and not eligible for public health care.

Other key challenges of African immigrants’ access to the health care system range from a language barrier, inundation with excessive information and paperwork and hostile services experience, according to PubMed. 

Ify Ekpunobi, another medical student at Case Western Reserve School, has experienced some of these challenges when she visited a school hospital for a medical check in St. Louis. Ekpunobi recalled the hostile attitude of the staff, which she thought was because of her color.

“I didn’t really feel comfortable because it felt like they were being judgmental, like they just weren’t that welcoming to me, so that discouraged me,” said Ekpunobi. “I didn’t feel comfortable going back.”

Ekpunobi’s experience is also in line with the PubMed study which shows that even when immigrants do have insurance coverage, they still face difficulties utilizing the available healthcare services.

“Even though I have insurance, I still have to worry about which providers are in and out of the network,” said Ekpunobi. “Those are the things I had to learn and even up to now, I still even barely understand.”

Oguejiofor also mentioned that the lack of a diverse set of providers is one of the most urgent issues in healthcare settings.

“When you’re seeing a doctor who looks nothing like you who has no idea where you come from, your language, your culture, that can make getting good health care even harder,” said Oguejiofor. 

Recognizing these healthcare disparities, Ashafa Hadera, founded the African Services Committee (ASC) in 1981 to provide healthcare resources to other immigrants, refugees and asylees. Starting in a small apartment in the Bronx, today, ASC is based in Harlem, New York City, and has three offices in Ethiopia. ASC provides free services—including but not limited to English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, food pantry, AIDS treatments, HIV prevention programs, and Hepatitis programs—to the community.

Amanda Lugg, the current co-executive director of the organization who migrated from the U.K., said she was thrilled to find an organization that was serving African immigrants.

“No one is turned away. Anyone who walks through the door and needs services gets the services and all the services are free,” said Lugg. “I saw it as a positive way to be able to give back and serve my community.” 

Even when everything was in lockdown during the pandemic, ASC never ceased to help the community.

“For instance, I run the LGBTQ+ support group here, and it was just every two weeks in person, but once COVID hit, people wanted to do every week and we were doing it every week for a year,” she said.

ASC has also been working to help the undocumented immigrants, who make up the majority of immigrants utilizing their services.

“Something like 90 percent of the folks that we serve here are undocumented or out of status. That greatly affects their access to a number of things,” said Lugg. “So, having us helping them navigate that system is essential.”

Lugg said that watching individuals get better with the help of their programs. 

“Being able to see them living their life in power, it is extremely satisfying,” said Lugg. “Another good thing is when we actually don’t see people, when we don’t see people for six months a year because they’re now self-sufficient. That’s the picture of success really.”

The post Healthcare disparities hurts African immigrants appeared first on Pavement Pieces.